Pathology is the medical specialty that deals with the study of diseases and the changes in cells, tissues, and organs that cause them. Pathologists use laboratory techniques to examine tissues, cells, bodily fluids, and other samples from patients to diagnose disease, determine its cause, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.

The field of pathology encompasses many subspecialties, including anatomical pathology, which involves the examination of tissues and organs removed during surgery or biopsy, and clinical pathology, which deals with laboratory tests that help diagnose and monitor diseases.

Pathologists play a critical role in the healthcare system, as their findings often inform treatment decisions and help doctors better understand the progression of disease. They also play a crucial role in conducting research that leads to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of disease, which can ultimately lead to new treatments and cures.